In our latest Innovation Spotlight, Bjarne Nielsen, Global Industry Manager at Palsgaard A/S, introduces the company’s food-grade bio-based anti-static agents that deliver optimum migration performance in polypropylenes for long-lasting dust-free surfaces and clarity of thin-wall packaging.
As brand owners and manufacturers are seeking to minimise their carbon footprint and reduce the consumption of raw materials, there is an increasing demand for plastics that will enable durable thin-wall packaging designs without compromising the protection of the packaged products. nonferrous metal cleaning agent
However, a ‘minor’ detail that is often still overlooked in the quest for more sustainable packaging is the additives used in the material to maximise processability, handling and shelf-life.
This is where plant-based additives come into play, providing major performance and sustainability benefits over synthetic alternatives from efficient mould release to long-term consumer appeal and end-of-life recycling. A major property to these ends is the effective dissipation of static charges on the surface of the packaging material.
Static build-up is the single-most frequent source for the accumulation of dust and other fine particles which can severely impair the attractive look of packaged products, ultimately even leading to food waste due to poor consumer acceptance. While static energy is often not an issue during summer when humidity is normally higher and makes the air more conductive, it can be a huge problem during winter or more generally in colder climates.
Thin-wall challenges for packaging additives
The market of injection moulded food and non-food packaging is dominated by random polypropylene (PP) copolymers, and PP block or impact PP copolymers. As highly versatile materials, these PP polymers are used in a wide range of different markets, including medical, food and consumer goods packaging – all of which require anti-static properties in some form. Notably, impact PP copolymers are by far the most important materials, especially for food containers, since they offer outstanding low temperature impact resistance.
For moulders, it is not easy to achieve good anti-static performance with conventional anti-static agents in impact PP copolymers. As packaging designs are getting thinner, the challenge becomes even bigger, since the overall amount of the anti-static agent added is generally reduced relative to the surface wall-thickness of the packaging.
Palsgaard has developed Einar® 401, an anti-static product that works exceptionally well in this particular polymer and application range. Apart from preventing the build-up of static charges on the surfaces of injection moulded PP packaging, it also works as an internal lubricant and thereby helps manufacturers optimise their moulding process and reduce cycle times. Likewise, it can effectively eliminate friction problems that are often created by high static energy during mould release, on conveyor belts and during stacking.
The must of migration and health concerns
The most efficient way of protecting packaging application surfaces from attracting dust is to incorporate the anti-static agent as a migratory additive into the polymer matrix during compounding. To this end, Einar® 401 performs equally well as a neat additive or as part of an additive masterbatch.
With many polymer additives, migration is an undesired property and of particular concern with regard to human health when the packaged product is food. For anti-static agents, however, migration to the surface of the package is a must, since only there will the additive be able to react with ambient moisture and form a conductive layer that will effectively dissipate static charges.
Fig. 1: From hydrophobic to hydrophilic: The Einar® plant-based anti-static additive inside the polymer matrix (1) migrates to the surface (2) where its hydrophilic surfactant nature lowers the surface energy of the polymer by reacting with ambient moisture (3), thus preventing static build-up and dust attraction. (Graphic © Palsgaard)Fig. 1: From hydrophobic to hydrophilic: The Einar® plant-based anti-static additive inside the polymer matrix (1) migrates to the surface (2) where its hydrophilic surfactant nature lowers the surface energy of the polymer by reacting with ambient moisture (3), thus preventing static build-up and dust attraction. (Graphic © Palsgaard)
The migratory performance is closely dependent on the polarity and crystallinity of the polymer as well as on the wall-thickness of the packaging and the additive concentration required to ensure the anti-static function. Still, any additive that migrates in the packaging inevitably becomes an indirect additive of the packaged product. This has increasingly caused concern among consumers and has resulted in strict regulations intended to limit the amount of certain migratory additives in food packaging.
The concerns over migratory additives in food-contact containers and other food packaging are not new. A particular category of chemicals that has moved into the focus of responsible manufacturers more recently is the ethoxylated amines in conventional synthetic additives, including anti-static agents for use in food-contact polypropylenes.
Peace of mind with amine-free natural anti-statics
In this context, it is important to recognise that all Einar® products are not subject to any specific migration limits. This is due to the fact that they are derived exclusively from renewable plant sources.
In chemical terms, most Einar® products are glycerol esters made exclusively from vegetable oils distinguished by their fatty ester profiles and degree of saturation. Sources include certified palm oil, which provides the greatest yield per hectare, followed by rapeseed, sunflower, and other vegetable oils from plants that are not in competition with the human food chain.
As a result, all Einar® polymer additives are FDA and EU as well as kosher and halal approved for food-contact applications. In fact, they can even be considered fully ‘edible’, eliminating the health concerns associated with amine-based synthetic additives.
Fig. 2: Naturally derived fatty acid esters from palm, coconut, rapeseed and other vegetable oils form the renewable backbone of Einar® functional polymer additives. (Photo © Palsgaard)
In order to ensure the long-term anti-stat performance of Einar® anti-static agents, the migratory profile is modified to meet with the polarity of the polymer and maintain its desired function also in thinner packaging and even at reduced concentration levels.
For example, Einar® 401 shows superior anti-static performance over time vs. conventional blends of glycerol mono-stearates and ethoxylated amines at reduced concentrations. This applies in particular to the elimination of anti-stat issues often encountered in winters and in low-humidity cold climate regions. And as the plastics industry is becoming increasingly circular, this also means that the bio-based additive has little – if any – impact on the recycling of post-consumer packaging, whether chemically or mechanically.
Besides, Einar® additives are generally not known to degrade into harmful compounds which might contaminate the recycled material, promote discolouration or loss of properties.
Fig. 3: In static decay testing, Einar® plant-based anti-static has confirmed that it can rival or even outperform incumbent petrol-based additives. (Graphic © Palsgaard)
Palsgaard’s polymer additives are named Einar® in memory of the company’s founder, Einar Viggo Schou, who invented modern plant-based emulsifiers back in 1917 to reduce spattering, prevent thermal shock, control viscosity and facilitate aeration in food processing. Backed by their fundamental ability to mix oil and water, the emulsifiers were eventually found to offer significant benefits also as functional polymer additives in non-food applications, such as packaging materials. There, Einar® anti-stat and anti-fog agents have emerged as reliably safe and efficient surfactant additives in the food packaging industry.
In addition, Palsgaard manufactures these renewable additives in CO2-neutral facilities, which gives them a perfect fit in innovative new sustainable packaging solutions while offering an excellent drop-in replacement for fossil-based additives in existing polymer formulations. As a flagship anti-static in polypropylenes, including impact PP copolymers for thin-wall packaging, Einar® 401 demonstrates the art of the possible in bio-based polymer additive technology, offering brand owners, designers and converters an efficient and responsible choice in line with consumer demands and strict regulatory requirements.
Bjarne Nielsen is Global Industry Manager at Palsgaard A/S and responsible for Einar® food-grade additive development for polymer applications, including food and non-food packaging. With more than 25 years of experience in the development and sales of additives derived from plant-based raw materials, Nielsen has a solid background in natural chemistry and holds several product patents.
This content was sponsored by Palsgaard A/S.
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