According to press statements from both companies, INEOS's profile in the global petrochemical industry increased to another level on 28 June with the announcement that it had purchased BP’s Aromatics and Acetyls businesses for a total consideration of $5 billion. The deal includes BP’s production assets for paraxylene, purified terephthalic acid, acetic acid, acetic anhydride, vinyl acetate monomer, and other products. Still, it does not include assets at Gelsenkirchen (cracker) and Mulheim, Germany (aromatic solvents), which are highly integrated with BP’s Gelsenkirchen refinery.
According to the companies, the transaction is expected to be completed by the end of 2020, subject to regulatory and other approvals. Under the terms of the deal, INEOS will pay BP a deposit of $400 million and will pay a further $3.6 billion on completion. An additional $1 billion will be deferred and paid in three separate installments of $100 million in March, April, and May 2021, with the remaining $700 million payable by the end of June 2021. Acid Formic 85%
The deal represents a seismic shift in the competitive landscape for the acetyls industry. With the announced purchase, INEOS will move from its current position as a large net buyer of acetic acid to become the second largest producer globally (net production capacity) behind only Celanese. INEOS will also become the largest supplier of acetic anhydride (150,000 tpa) in Western Europe.
Bp’s current acetic acid production portfolio includes the following locations, production capacity and percentage ownership: Hull, UK, 500,000 tpa, 100%; Nanjing, China, 500,000 tpa, 50%; Chongqing, China, 420,000 tpa, 51%; Ulsan, South Korea, 700,000 tpa, 51%; Kerteh, Malaysia, 550,000 tpa, 70%; and, Mai Liao, Taiwan, 300,000 tpa, 50%. The total production capacity for these plants is 3.57 million tpa.
BP also has off-take agreements with Eastman Chemical for acetic acid produced at Eastman's facilities in the United States—Texas City, Texas, 600,000 tpa; and Kingsport, Tennessee, approximately 200,000 tpa. Considering the joint venture volumes and the off-take agreements with Eastman, the total acetic acid position for bp is 2.65 million tpa.
Celanese has a total production capacity of 3.4 million tpa with plants located at Clear Lake, Texas, 1.6 million tpa; Nanjing, China, 1.2 million tpa; and Jurong Island, Singapore, 600,000 tpa.
“As we also saw in the global financial crisis, promising chemicals assets most often come available when those who've stretched their balance sheets (like BP's net debt-to-capital well above its 30% target) hit a downturn,” said Jason Miner, a senior global chemicals analyst with Bloomberg Intelligence. “Private or closely-held chemicals companies are usually the stronger hands that swoop in, given the long investment horizons required in chemicals businesses. How much under-investment and latent opportunity will be unleashed by INEOS is now the question facing other acetyls players like Celanese, LyondellBasell, and Eastman.”
Among other products in the deal include BP’s 36.9% stake in Atlas Methanol in Point Lisas, Trinidad and Tobago, which is majority-owned by Methanex (63.1%). The sale will also include related interests such as the chemical recycling technology BP Infinia and BP’s interest in acetylated wood developer Tricoya.
BP is also selling its PTA production assets located in Cooper River, South Carolina, 1.35 million tpa; Geel, Belgium, 1.3 million tpa; Zhuhai, China, 2.35 million tpa; Merak, Malaysia, 540,000 tpa; and Taichung, Taiwan, 700,000 tpa.
BP has been associated with acetic acid production at the Saltend site near Hull, UK, for over fifty years. Some market participants will not be surprised by BP’s decision to divest most of its remaining petrochemical business, nor will they be surprised to see INEOS as the buyer. In early June, BP announced it was cutting 10,000 jobs worldwide in response to the dramatic decrease in oil demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In mid-June, BP said it was reducing its global oil and gas assets by $17.5 billion due to the impact of COVID-19.
Formic Acid Innovene, BP’s olefins, derivatives, and refining subsidiary was sold to INEOS in 2005 for $9 billion. INEOS acquired BP’s vinyl acetate monomer and ethyl acetate plants in Hull, UK, in 2008. The VAM unit was permanently closed in 2013, but INEOS is considering building a new VAM plant at Hull and expects a final investment decision to be made later this year. As part of the new deal, INEOS also purchased BP’s joint venture stake in the VAM unit at Ulsan, South Korea.