With rise in new orders and exports, future business outlook remains steady.
Contemplating how to continue offering chromic acid services in an increasingly stringent regulatory world? Liquid chrome products may be the solution you’re looking for. Industrial Grade Sodium Hydrosulfide
Looking to upgrade your coating process and possibly invest in automation solutions? This helpful Ask the Expert article from Tom Brown of Carlisle Fluid Technologies offers advice for doing your research and working with your equipment supplier.
PF editor-in-chief Scott reflects on environmental responsibility in the wake of Hurricane Helene.
Best practices for racking parts in surface finishing operations.
As a former motorcycle manufacturer, this powder coating Top Shop benefits from understanding the finishing industry from a customer’s perspective.
Although useful, chromic acid and other compounds that contain hexavalent chromium ions are highly toxic and carcinogenic. However, one company has developed an alternative for the hard chrome process that achieves thick, conformal coatings with wear and fatigue resistance comparable or superior to hexavalent chromium-based systems.
This paper provides an overview of the parallels between the synthetic order established by non-equilibrium reactions, such as anodizing, which are nano-scale, and the natural order established by equilibrium reactions in nature, many of which are on the macro-scale.
Unavoidably interrupted by the SARS CoV-2 pandemic of 2020-21, this NASF-AESF Foundation research project report R-120 has been ongoing since April 2019. Now complete, this report is the final report, reflecting 16 quarters of work.
XRF is the go-to instrument for measuring electrolytic and electroless nickel coating thicknesses, however the technology does have limitations when it comes to measuring thick coatings. This helpful Ask the Expert article from Rob Weber of Fischer Technology explores several alternative methods.
This webinar features Molly Kellogg — president, CEO and chairman of Hubbard-Hall — as she shares insights on the company’s remarkable 175-year journey and its continued evolution in the surface finishing industry. In a world of mergers, acquisitions and rapid change, Hubbard-Hall has remained a steadfast partner standing the test of time by building on family legacy and values. Molly, the sixth generation of family leadership, will discuss the company's rich history, from its humble beginnings as a corner drugstore to becoming a global manufacturer of specialty chemistry serving industries from Michigan to Malaysia. Discover how Hubbard-Hall’s "whatever it takes" approach — along with its extensive testing labs, production facilities and distribution centers — continues to provide customers with tank side problem-solving expertise. In this session, we’ll explore Hubbard-Hall's future, with Molly sharing her vision for carrying the company's legacy forward, the new initiatives on the horizon and how Hubbard-Hall remains committed to its mission of providing expert support with a focus on sustainability and social responsibility. Don't miss this opportunity to hear from Molly Kellogg, a leader driven by passion, tradition and a deep connection to the people who make it all possible.
XRF measurement of the layers is also important to assure the right color and appearance of the finished goods. Join Fischer as it discusses how XRF measurements can be used for process control, quality control and incoming inspection of electroplated jewelry pieces. Agenda: The high precision of XRF Cost-reduction benefits Getting reliable results in seconds Measuring multiple layers of plating thickness Calibrating for optimal performance
Any one of these three facets will help you become a stronger powder coater, but this session will walk you through all of them and provide details that will be most valuable on a quest to develop an optimal powder operation. Agenda: The good: introduction to powder coatings The bad: common challenges The ugly: debunking myths Best practices for optimal operations Case studies
Our focus includes the use of membrane filtration systems – which can recover up to 98% of cleaning solutions – dramatically reducing the volume of concentrated waste requiring disposal. Additionally, we delve into strategies for maximizing cleaner longevity by precisely adjusting oil concentrations, leveraging the direct relationship between cleaner concentration and effective oil content management. By adopting these methods, businesses can achieve significant cost savings through reduced chemical consumption, lower waste disposal expenses and decreased energy usage – all while promoting environmental sustainability. Agenda: Membrane Filtration Systems: Learn how these systems protect industrial assets and recover a substantial percentage of cleaning solutions. Cost-Saving Strategies: Discover opportunities for savings through extended cleaner longevity and reduced chemical waste Technical Cleanliness Challenges: Understand the various challenges in achieving and maintaining technical cleanliness across processes. Establish a more sustainable and cost-efficient cleaning program that delivers superior results, reduces downtime and minimizes environmental impact
Dive into plating bath optimization. Learn about the importance of chemistry measurement, various analysis methods and real-time monitoring benefits through X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis with insightful case studies highlighting efficiency gains. Join Fisher Technology's Devarsh Shah and Melissa Agneta as they discuss how to improve plating efficiency by exploring essential chemistry techniques, including real-life examples. Discover why measuring plating bath chemistry matters, the different ways to analyze it and the benefits of monitoring it as it happens in real-time. With XRF analysis, you'll gain the knowledge and tools to improve your plating process, thus ensuring top-notch efficiency and quality in surface finishing. Agenda: Importance of measuring plating bath chemistry Methods for analyzing bath chemistry Benefits of monitoring bath chemistry in real-time Case studies
In this high-level overview of wastewater system maintenance and upgrades, Robin Deal and Brian Greene will review the critical components required for a fully-functional system and discuss their expected life span. Learn to navigate factors such as material degradation and technological advancements, examine the effects, and address issues of chemical usage on the equipment. This webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge needed to ensure your wastewater system remains in optimal condition, highlighting the importance of understanding both the hardware requirements and the chemical interactions that can influence system longevity and performance. By implementing proactive maintenance strategies and informed chemical management practices, you can enhance the reliability and efficiency of your wastewater infrastructure, ultimately contributing to environmental sustainability and public health protection. Agenda: Essential equipment for wastewater systems Life span considerations for wastewater systems Impact of chemical usage on wastewater equipment
Registration is open for the new one-day Surface Metrology and Tribology class, which will be held in Livonia, Michigan, Nov. 14, 2024. The full day class offers a unique opportunity to learn the fundamentals of surface roughness, friction, and wear analysis, and their applications in manufacturing and product development. Topics for the one-day class include: Measuring surface roughness and waviness Instruments for surface measurement Filtering texture data Analysis techniques and tools Surface texture parameters Applications and case studies. Class details and registration are available at michmet.com/classes. Registration requests can also be made by calling 1 (866) 953-5030 or emailing info@michmet.com.
Legislative Update - Local & National & California Regulatory Issues Webinar LIVE WEBINAR – NOVEMBER 20, 2024 Join us and hear about the challenges facing our industry as the presentation will provide an update on the political climate in the State and National Capitals, as well as specifics on the key legislation and regulations that the associations have been engaged in over the last year. This year we will provide a complete recap of the November 2024 elections. Jeff Hannapel is Executive Vice President of The Policy Group and the NASF Government Relations (GR) Office in Washington, D.C. He will provide insight into the developments around the country. Don’t miss this opportunity to hear from our national office. Jerry Desmond, Jr. is the MFASC and MFANC Legislative Advocate in Sacramento, he is in legislators offices daily at the State Capitol addressing our concerns. Bryan Leiker is the Executive Director of the Metal Finishing Associations of California and a Board Member of the National Association of Surface Finishing. View Flyer
Barry County Flourish & West Michigan Chemical Coaters Association International Invite Your to Our Holiday After-Hours Join us for a festive Holiday After Hours celebration, hosted by Barry County Flourish and West Michigan Chemical Coaters, on Wednesday, November 20, from 5 PM to 8 PM at the cozy Riverdog Tavern in Middleville! This special evening promises holiday cheer, delicious refreshments, and wonderful company, with a cash bar available to enjoy your favorite drinks. In the spirit of giving, we’re proud to support Barry County United Way's “Toys for Barry County Kids” program. Instead of a registration fee, we kindly ask each guest to bring an item to donate, helping us spread holiday joy to children in our community. Come make memories, raise a glass, and celebrate the season with us. We can't wait to see you there! Date: Wednesday, November 20 Time: 5:00 - 8:00 PM Location: Riverdog Tavern 117 E Main St. Middleville, MI 49333 Cost: In lieu of a registration fee, please bring an item to donate to the Barry County United Way's "Toys for Barry County Kids" program. Contact: Sam Nash sam.n@chemquest.com 269-795-9877
Attend the Chicago Surface Finishing Annual Holiday Party Location: Church Street Brewing 1480 Industrial Dr. Unit C Itasca, IL 60143 $75 Includes: Fun, Food, and Drinks
Each year Products Finishing partners with thousands of finishing operations in the U.S. to celebrate National Surface Finishing Day (NSFD) on the first Wednesday in March. NSFD is designed to celebrate and showcase the industry to trade schools, businesses, officials and media, as well as to celebrate employees and staff. The overarching goal of NSFD is to bring further awareness to the important roles plating and coating facilities play in their communities. Facilities are encouraged to host events and work with local media to build awareness about the contributions made by the surface finishing industry. For a helpful guide to reaching out to media outlets, download the NSFD toolkit here. How can you celebrate? Share your company’s story Hold an open house where the public can check out your facility –— either in person or virtual Offer student shop tours to local trade schools Invite local elected officials to visit and get to know your staff Celebrate your employees Share news about what you’re doing on social media and use the hashtag #NationalSurfaceFinishingDay or #NSFD
Thousands of people visit our Supplier Guide every day to source equipment and materials. Get in front of them with a free company profile.
Features stories and news on the adaptations of top shops, good habits, beneficial practices and successes that make a finishing shop a "Top Shop."
Young professionals are a vital asset to the finishing industry, and it is important to acknowledge those who are making great strides in shaping the industry's future.
Products Finishing is proud to announce a new awards program that recognizes individuals in the industry that are making important contributions to forward the surface finishing industry.
Reactive Surfaces, an innovator in bio-based coatings, works on development of Carbon Capture Coatings, which harness the natural CO2-capturing capabilities of live algae.
This Cincinnati-based plating company has experienced a 33% improvement as a result of investing in a new electroless nickel line. It continues to tweak the control technology to create the most effective coating for its customers’ needs.
Experts from MacDermid Enthone Industrial Solutions share industry insights in an interview from the SUR/FIN 2024 finishing industry tradeshow.
In these uncertain times, it is refreshing to hear from and learn about young talent in the surface finishing industry who are striving to make a difference within their organizations and the industry as a whole.
By replacing its immersion parts washer with a vacuum degreasing system, this machine shop is much more efficient, saving the company money, man hours and the health of the operators.
Finding a more accurate paint proportioner for its application enabled this auto parts manufacturer to save significant costs and labor while increasing capacity.
10 Point Checklist to Improve Your Parts Cleaning Processes
A collection of four PF features that delve into the technologies, processes and people working to provide protection for the automobiles of today.
Survey and analysis, with Hubbard-Hall, of Products Finishing Top Shops benchmarking attitudes and practices concerning parts cleaning.
This paper presents research findings and practical results that address the treatment of the problematic greenhouse gases nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2).
By Robert Richardson, Ph.D., Know-NOx LLC
This paper presents research findings and practical results that address the treatment of problematic greenhouse gases: nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The newly developed process described here effectively treats both nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in a way that is faster and more effective than other available technologies. This process also simultaneously oxidizes SO2.
A printable PDF version of this paper is available by clicking HERE.
Keywords: Greenhouse gases, air scrubbing technology, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides
Introduction An innovative proprietary process, using a different application for chlorine dioxide than has been previously used in NOx and SO2 scrubbing, has been developed and is now on the market. This process is innovative because it utilizes chlorine dioxide (ClO2) in a true gas phase reaction rather than a water-based reaction that occurs in a wet scrubbing process. Gas phase chemistry is much faster than wet scrubbing because it overcomes the wet scrubbing challenge of getting insoluble nitric oxide (NO) into solution. The advantage of using the gas phase reaction makes the equipment less expensive to install and operate than currently available industrial technologies for NOx treatment. When this gas phase technology is combined with conventional mist or wet scrubbing the operating costs are even lower.
The new patent-pending scrubbing process described here is proving to be the optimum solution for ambient temperature waste gas streams containing NO, NO2 and SO2, because it has the following attributes:
Although this process has broad technical applications for a number of other processes, it offers a profound and immediate improvement in the treatment of industrially created NOx-laden exhaust gas. The process is ideal for exhaust gas treatment from facilities that provide chemical milling, brightening, pickling of metals and other chemical processes that involve nitric acid.
There are many ways to treat NOx, as shown in Table 1. Each has advantages and limitations. This paper will compare and contrast these technologies from the perspective of applicability to the chemical milling industry.
Table 1 - NOx Treatment Options
Brief orientation on chlorine dioxide (ClO2) Chlorine dioxide is an often misunderstood molecule with three different sets of chemical characteristics. The literature, including patents, is frequently not clear about which form of this molecule is used in a specific application.
Table 2 identifies the three types of ClO2. They all have the same number and types of atoms. The only difference is the charge or lack of charge. For clarity, because all three forms of ClO2 have been called chlorine dioxide in the literature and because the distinctions between the forms of this molecule are important in NOx scrubbing, this paper will identify the molecular types as shown in the right column in Table 2.
The chemical differences between the three types are dramatic. True chlorine dioxide, (ClO2)0, is dramatically more effective at removing NOx and SO2 than is chlorite, (ClO2)‾. The difference is due to the fact that (ClO2)0 is a gas and treats NOx in the gas phase and (ClO2)‾ is ionic and treats NOx in water. This is important because NOx is primarily composed of NO and NO2, and NO is not very soluble in water.
The (ClO2)‾ ion only exists in water and the NO molecule has very low solubility in water, so it is difficult to get them together. That is why for decades, wet scrubbers for NOx/NO abatement have involved very large multi-stage equipment.
The (ClO2)0 and NOx molecules are gases and they react together effortlessly in a gaseous environment. Therefore, the destruction of NOx is rapid and can be done in ducting without the need for big scrubbers.
Process chemistry For decades, the wet scrubbing of NOx was done by adding sodium chlorite (NaClO2) to the scrubber water. When sodium chlorite is added to water, it creates two ions: (ClO2)‾ and Na+ as shown in the reaction:
NaClO2 + H2O → Na+ + (ClO2)‾ (1)
The (ClO2)‾ is utilized in the first of a three-stage wet scrubber as described below.
Typical three-stage NOx wet scrubbing Any of several compounds such as (ClO2)‾, O3 or H2O2 reacts with NO to form NO2 in the first of three or more scrubbing stages. In the second stage, the NO2 is reacted with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) or other compounds plus sodium hydroxide (NaOH). This is effective but creates H2S gas, an odorous and toxic compound that smells like rotten eggs. In the third stage, the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) generated in the second stage is removed by scrubbing using NaOH and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Our novel gas phase process overcomes the insolubility problem associated with nitric oxide (NO) and does not use chemicals that generate odorous H2S so there is no need for all of the equipment associated with a three or more stage scrubbing system. This novel system can be done in ducting alone or in ducting plus a single stage mist scrubber or single stage counter current wet scrubber. The options are explained in Tables 3a and 3b below.
Proprietary gas/mist NOx scrubbing Our single-stage NOx and SO2 scrubbing combines easily with other technologies to optimize performance and cost. The process is very versatile.
The core of the technology is described as follows:
5NO + 2(ClO2)0 + H2O → 5NO2 + 2HCl (2)
(ClO2)0 + NO2 + 3H2O → 5HNO3 + HCl (3)
Note that only three molecules of (ClO2)0 are used to treat five molecules of NOx.
Deshwal and Lee1 studied the above equations in bench scale work that utilized a liquid reaction chamber. His work succinctly reports the mass transfer in the absorption of SO2 and NOx using aqueous (ClO2)‾ and Cl‾. Richardson2 expanded upon the Deshwal/Lee work by developing and provisionally patenting a methodology to utilize the equations in gas phase reactions.
Deshwal and Lee1 also report the simultaneous removal of SO2 and NO (500 and 350 ppm respectively) at 45°C and pH 3.5. The SO2 is more reactive and soluble and thus it was oxidized first. The surplus oxidant mix then oxidized the NO to NO2. The NO2 absorption efficiency increased with increasing oxidant feed rate. The process provided consistent and reproducible SO2 and NOx absorption efficiencies of around 100% and 72% respectively at an oxidant feed rate of 3.045 mmole/min.
Richardson2 improved the removal efficiency of NOx by reacting in the gas phase rather than the liquid phase used by Deshwal and Lee. The phase change eliminated the rate of reaction limitations associated with the limited solubility of nitric oxide.
In Richardson’s work, both reactions occur in a single gas or mist scrubbing stage. The process can reach 98+% removal efficiencies for NOx in less than 1.5 sec. The (ClO2)0 is generated separately and introduced as a gas or mist into the industrial waste gas contaminated with NOx/SO2. The reaction is sufficiently rapid that it requires no reaction vessel. It can be done in specialized ducting at 2,500 ft./min.
This reaction speed is an important point because it dramatically reduces the cost of scrubbing equipment and opens up new options for scrubber equipment placement. The specialized ducting used for our gas phase scrubbing technology can be placed almost anywhere because it works in any orientation: vertical up, vertical down or horizontal. The process is probably the only NOx/SO2 abatement process that does not need a large reaction vessel or series of vessels that uses up valuable space.
The pure gas reactions are faster than the mist reactions, but both are very fast when compared to liquid scrubbing. Although the mist reaction is slightly slower, it has advantages in many applications.
Our technology is packaged with other technologies to optimize the removal efficiency, equipment cost and operating costs. The options are described in Table 3 (a and b).
Table 3(a) - Gas/Mist/Wet NOx/SO2 Removal Technology Treatment Options
Notes: 1. The “A” process will work just fine but the operating cost is reduced when the “B” second stage is added because the “B” stage treats part of the NOx with less expensive chemicals. 2. Only the “A” process is used when high CO2 concentrations are present in the waste gas; if the “B” second stage were used there would be excessive NaOH consumption due to the high CO2 concentration in the waste gas. 3. The “A” process effectively treats SO2 and it is ideal when there are low SO2 concentrations in the waste gas, but it is not an economical process for medium or high SO2 concentrations. 4. Spray towers rely primarily on particle collection by impaction. Therefore, they have high collection efficiencies for coarse PM. Typical removal efficiencies for a spray tower can be as great as 90% for particles larger than 5 μm. Removal efficiencies for particles from 3 to 5 μm in diameter range from 60 to 80%. Below 3 μm, removal efficiencies decline to less than 50% (Mussatti and Hemmer3). 5. Evaporative cooling is applicable for cooling up to but not exceeding the dew point. The “A” process requires water so high moisture in the waste gas is an advantage up to the point where condensation adversely influences the gas/mist chemistry.
Table 3(b) - Key to the Table 3(a) Process Sequence
Although the NOx reaction can be done in a single gas phase as described in Equations 2 and 3, the use of gas phase Equation 2 combined with a second stage mist scrubber or wet scrubber reaction described in Equation 4 provides lower operating costs. Operating costs are an important consideration in the selection of a NOx abatement process. We recognize this and have developed a cost effective second stage scrubbing process that utilizes less expensive alkaline chemicals and oxidants to treat part of the NOx. This second stage is dependent on the proprietary first stage reaction (Item “A” in Table 3(b)) to equalize the ratio of NO and NO2 in the waste gas stream.
The second stage technology (Items “B” &”C” in Table 3(b)) fundamentally utilizes the stoichiometry shown in Equation 4 below.
2NaOH + NO2 + NO → 2NaNO2 + H2O (4)
This reaction is dramatically enhanced by the addition of one of several oxidants and only applies to NOx mixes with equal quantities of NO and NO2, as found by Kuropka.4
Bench scale research by Kuropka4 determined that the reaction rate and efficiency of the reaction in Equation 4 is dramatically influenced by the presence of less than stoichiometric concentrations of different oxidants. It was also found that different basic compounds have varying rates of NOx adsorption. This research was selectively confirmed in both pilot and partial full scale applications by Richardson.2 In addition to confirming the work by Kuropka, Richardson’s work developed new ways to effectively create the requisite balance of the NO/NO2 in the waste gas stream through patent pending gas/mist phase reactions between (ClO2)0 and NOx. Richardson’s work studied the applications for the reaction in Equation 4 with varying oxidants, gas velocities and spray densities in both mist scrubber and packed bed scrubber applications.
Kuropka’s research is supported by earlier work. Studies on the absorption of NOx by alkaline solutions were made by Atroscenko5 and later confirmed by Glowinski, et al.6 It was found that different alkaline solutions have varying rates of NOx adsorption. Kuropka’s research7,8 established a sequence of activities of alkaline solutions used for the absorption of NOx.
KOH > NaOH > NH4OH > Na2CO3 > K2CO3 > (NH4)2CO3 (5)
Kuropka’s research which was based on a foundation of previous work, also focused on improving the level of oxidation of NOx by absorption and simultaneous oxidation of NOx with compounds that easily release oxygen in the liquid phase, such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl),7,8 sodium chlorite (NaClO2),9,10 calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl2),11 potassium permanganate (KMnO4), potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)7,8,10 and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).7,8,12
Kuropka’s bench scale research focused on the adsorption of NOx by NaOH with varying concentrations of oxidants between 1 and 10 wt% of the NaOH, and oxidants spray density between 5 and 40 m3/m2hr with gas velocities between 0.1 and 1 m/sec. The conclusion is that the adsorption of NOx varies between 95% and 75%. The best results were at the slower gas velocities and higher spray densities.
The different oxidants also influenced the NOx adsorption efficiency as shown:
H2O2 > NaOCl > KMnO4 (6)
The research addressed to perfecting the NOx adsorption according to the reaction in Equation 4 with less than stoichiometric concentrations of oxidants is only useful for scrubbing NOx in waste gas with ambient levels of CO2. Waste gas with elevated levels of CO2 will utilize large quantities of NaOH or other alkaline material in reactions with the CO2.
The second stage technology (Items “B” and ”C” in Table 3(b)) can be done in mist phase or wet scrubber. This option provides an advantage in retrofit applications that already have a wet scrubber. In many cases the first stage reaction can be done in modified ducting that leads to the existing wet scrubber. The mist type second stage produces less liquid waste than a wet scrubber and that is an advantage in some locations where liquid waste disposal is a problem.
The pure gas reactions described in Equations 2 and 3 are faster than the mist reactions described in Equation 4, but both are very fast when compared to liquid scrubbing using Equation 4.
In industrial waste gas with ambient levels of CO2, the use of this second stage technology reaction based on the reaction in Equation 4 can save more than half the cost of treating the NOx with only the first stage reaction (Item “A” in Table 3(b)) because NaOH is considerably less expensive than the sodium chlorite (NaClO2) or sodium chlorate (NaClO3) used to make (ClO2)O required for the first stage NOx scrubbing methodology (Item “A” in Table 3(b)).
Tunable removal efficiency is another advantage of our innovative technology. It is available because, when using our methodology, Equations 2 and 3 are very fast. Removal efficiency is directly related to the amount of time available for a reaction (reaction residence time) and rate of the reaction. The faster the reaction, the more complete the oxidation will be in a given reaction residence time. In conventional applications, there are economic limitations imposed by vessel size and number of scrubbing stages. These directly impact maximum NOx removal efficiency. Conventional NOx scrubbing processes, both wet chemistry and selective catalytic reduction (SCR), require multiple scrubbing stages to reach high NOx removal efficiency. Wet scrubbing reactions are so slow that they require large scrubbing vessels to reach even 80% oxidation NOx. The speed of our first stage process (Item “A” in Table 3(b)) eliminates economic constraints associated with high NOx removal efficiency. A reaction vessel can be built that has the reaction residence time required for 98+% NOx removal efficiency and then detuned to provide only the currently required removal efficiency. If and when additional removal efficiency is desired or required, the same equipment can be re-tuned to meet that new requirement. The client can reduce operating costs by only generating enough (ClO2)O to meet current requirements.
Our new technology is very scalable and responsive. Most abatement technologies are designed to be continuously operated at essentially the same removal potential at all times irrespective of variability in the rate of NOx/SO2 production. Our gas/mist technology is not limited to “always on” operation. Wet scrubbers recirculate or spray a liquid into a reaction chamber(s). Packed bed scrubbers recirculate a liquid over a packing bed(s) that is stored in a sump. Oxidants are added to the recirculated liquid and the addition rate is controlled by sensors such as for oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH. The control system for wet scrubbers is designed to maintain a constant level of oxidants in the recirculated liquid. This methodology is not responsive to abrupt changes in NOx/SO2 loading in the industrial waste gas and utilizes oxidants even when NOx is not present in the waste gas stream. Mist/gas phase type scrubbers and SCR scrubbers can be responsive to changes in the NOx concentration of industrial waste gas because sensors adjust the rate of oxidants and other chemicals added to the waste gas stream in response to real time concentrations of NOx in the waste gas. Our new technology has a further advantage over the SCR because it does not have a catalyst that can be contaminated or “poisoned” by metals or other chemicals in the industrial waste gas stream.
Conclusion The present study reports on breakthroughs in the treatment of NOx in industrial waste gas when scrubbed with (ClO2)O in a gas/mist phase reaction. This work expands upon work done by Deshwal and others done in liquid phase. The gas/mist phase reaction environment produces NOx removal efficiencies above 90% in less than 1.5 sec.
References 1. B. Deshwal and H. Lee, “Mass Transfer in the Absorption of SO2 and NOx using Aqueous Euchlorine Scrubbing Solution,” J. Env. Sciences, 21, 155 (2009); jesc.ac.cn/jesc_en/ch/reader/create_pdf.aspx?file_no=2009210204. 2. R. Richardson, Preliminary Utility Patent Notes (2012). 3. D. Mussatti and P. Hemmer, Wet Scrubbers Particulate Matter, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, 2002. 4. J. Kuropka, “Removal of Nitrogen Oxides from Flue Gases in a Packed Column,” Env. Protection Eng., 37 (1), 13 (2011); http://epe.pwr.wroc.pl/2011/1_2011/02kuropka.pdf. 5. V.A. Atroscenko and S.J. Kargin, Technology of Nitric Acid, Izd. Goschimizdat, Moskva, 1962. 6. J. Glowinski, et al., Chem. Proc. Eng., 29 (7), 1492 (2009). 7. J. Europka, “Purification of Waste Gases from Nitrogen Oxides, Prace Nauk, Inst. Inz. Ochr. Srod No. 62, Ser. Monografie No. 30, Wrochaw, 1988 (Polish). 8. J. Europka and M.A. Gostomczyk, Environ. Prot. Eng., 16 (1), 85 (1990). 9. E. Sada, et al., Chem. Eng. Sci., 33, 315 (1978). 10. H. Chu, T. Chien and B. Twu, Water, Air, Soil Pollution, 143, 337 (2003). 11. I. Furuta, “Nitrogen Oxide Removal from Waste Gas by Scrubbing with Calcium and Magnesium Hypochlorite,” Japanese Patent No. 36372 (1975). 12. V. Dimov, Inf. Zasc. Atm., 1984 (1), 114 (1984) (Czech).
Dr. Robert Richardson recently celebrated his 25th year in environmental air quality problem solving as president of Pacific Rim Design & Development (PRDD). A strong proponent of process development and applied research resulted in the development of eight patents for process chemistry and technological innovations for air quality control equipment. Dr. Richardson has a reputation as a leading problem solving expert for industry and government when conventional air quality solutions don’t work. In addition to his duties at PRDD, Dr. Richardson formed Know-NOx LLC in 2011 as the vehicle for the deployment of an innovative technology he developed that provides essentially 100% NOx abatement in a cost effective and “green” way. Robert has B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in chemistry with additional training in business, engineering and construction. Robert proudly holds a general contractors license which allows him to manage or deliver complete abatement solutions when required.
The NASF-AESF Foundation Research Board has selected a project on addressing the problem of PFAS and related chemicals in plating wastewater streams, studying PFAS destruction via electrooxidation and electrocoagulation. This sixth quarter report covers the continued assessment of eight perfluoroalkyl acids PFAAs most commonly found in wastewaters, by electro-oxidation with a Magnéli phase Ti4O7 anode across a range of anodic potentials in solutions, exploring the reaction mechanisms. To summarize, the PFAAs start to exhibit degradation behavior when the anodic potential reaches a level where water oxidation occurs, suggesting that the hydroxyl free radicals generated via water oxidation play a role in PFAA degradation.
Ultrafiltration membranes help with water reuse in a variety of applications.
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Swiss wastewater treatment technology provider Oxyle specializes in advanced wastewater treatment for removal of highly persistent micropollutants such as PFAS.
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